Corneal Ulcers

Corneal ulcers are open sores on the cornea, often resulting from infections, trauma, or contact lens misuse. They can lead to significant discomfort and vision loss if not treated promptly.

Causes:

• Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections
• Trauma or injury to the cornea
• Improper use or hygiene of contact lenses

Symptoms:

• Redness and swelling of the eye
• Severe pain and tearing
• Blurred vision and sensitivity to light

Treatment:

• Antibiotic, antiviral, or antifungal eye drops
• Pain management with medications
• Protective eye patches or bandage contact lenses

Corneal Transplant (Keratoplasty)

A corneal transplant, or keratoplasty, involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with healthy donor tissue. It is performed when the cornea is severely scarred or diseased, affecting vision.

Types:

• Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK): Full-thickness transplant involving all corneal layers.
• Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK): Partial-thickness transplant focusing on the inner corneal layers.
• Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK): Partial-thickness transplant involving the outer and middle layers.

Indications:

• Corneal scarring from injury or infection
• Keratoconus with severe thinning
• Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy

Recovery:

• Long-term healing over several months
• Use of steroid eye drops to prevent rejection
• Regular follow-up visits to monitor graft health

Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly. It can cause discomfort and vision problems.

Causes:

• Decreased tear production or poor-quality tears
• Environmental factors like wind or screen exposure
• Eyelid problems or certain medications

Symptoms:

• Redness and irritation
• Burning or gritty sensation
• Blurred vision and eye fatigue

Treatment:

• Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops
• Punctal plugs to retain tears
• Lifestyle modifications to reduce screen time and improve humidity

Computer Vision Syndrome

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) results from prolonged screen use, causing eye strain and discomfort. It affects children and adults who spend significant time on digital devices.

Symptoms:

• Eye strain and fatigue
• Dry eyes and irritation
• Blurred vision and headaches

Prevention and Management:

• Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
• Adjust screen brightness and contrast
• Use artificial tears to maintain moisture