Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

Indirect ophthalmoscopy is a technique used to examine the retina in detail. It involves using a light source and a handheld lens to view the interior surface of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels.

Benefits:

• Provides a wide field of view of the retina
• Allows examination of the peripheral retina
• Essential for diagnosing conditions such as retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage

Procedure:

1. The patient’s pupils are dilated with eye drops.
2. The examiner uses a bright light and a lens to view the retina.
3. The examination is often performed with the patient lying down or sitting.

Ultrasound B-Scan

Ultrasound B-Scan is an imaging technique used to visualize the structures of the eye when direct visualization is difficult, such as in cases of dense cataracts or vitreous hemorrhage.

Benefits:

• Provides detailed images of the retina and other structures behind the eye
• Useful for diagnosing retinal detachments, tumors, and vitreous opacities

Procedure:

1. An ultrasound probe is placed on the closed eyelid.
2. Sound waves create an image of the eye’s interior on a monitor.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

OCT is a non-invasive imaging test that uses light waves to take cross-sectional images of the retina. It allows for detailed visualization of the retina’s layers.

Benefits:

• High-resolution images for diagnosing and monitoring conditions like macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and macular holes
• Quick and painless procedure

Procedure:

1. The patient places their chin on a chin rest.
2. The OCT machine scans the eye without direct contact.

Fundus Photography and Angiography

Fundus photography captures images of the retina, optic disc, and retinal vessels, while fundus angiography involves the injection of a fluorescent dye to visualize blood flow in the retina.

Benefits:

• Helps in documenting and monitoring retinal diseases
• Angiography is useful for assessing blood flow and identifying blockages or leaks in retinal vessels

Procedure:

1. For fundus photography, the retina is imaged using a specialized camera.
2. In angiography, a fluorescent dye is injected, and images are taken as the dye circulates through the retinal vessels.

Green Laser

Green laser treatment, also known as photocoagulation, is used to treat various retinal conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal tears, by creating small burns on the retina.

Benefits:

• Helps seal retinal tears and prevent detachment
• Reduces abnormal blood vessel growth in diabetic retinopathy

Procedure:

1. The eye is numbed with anesthetic drops.
2. A laser is used to apply precise burns to the retina.

Diabetic Clinic

A diabetic clinic focuses on the comprehensive management of diabetic eye disease, which can include diabetic retinopathy and macular edema.

Benefits:

• Regular screening and monitoring of diabetic patients
• Early detection and treatment of diabetic eye complications

Services:

• Retinal examinations
• Imaging tests like OCT and fundus photography
• Laser treatments and injections

Vitreo-Retinal Surgery

Vitreo-retinal surgery involves surgical procedures to treat disorders of the retina and vitreous humor, such as retinal detachments, macular holes, and epiretinal membranes.

Benefits:

• Can restore vision and prevent further vision loss
• Allows for repair of complex retinal conditions

Procedures:

• Vitrectomy: Removal of the vitreous gel to access and treat the retina.
• Scleral Buckling: Placement of a band around the eye to support the retina.
• Laser Surgery: Sealing of retinal tears or holes.